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Locationpeymanmkr@gmail07138725739Conjunctions are words that connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. They act like bridges that join different parts of a sentence together.
a) Coordinating Conjunctions
Join words, phrases, or independent clauses of equal importance
Examples: and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so
b) Subordinating Conjunctions
Join a dependent clause to an independent clause
Examples: because, although, since, while, if, when
c) Correlative Conjunctions
Work in pairs to join sentence elements
Examples: either...or, neither...nor, both...and, not only...but also
For - shows reason or purpose
Examples: I went to bed early, for I was tired.
And - adds information
Examples: She likes tea and coffee.
Nor - shows negative alternative
Examples: He doesn't like coffee, nor does he like tea.
But - shows contrast
Examples: I want to go, but I'm busy.
Or - shows choice or alternative
Examples: Would you like tea or coffee?
Yet - shows contrast or exception
Examples: She's small, yet she's very strong.
So - shows result or consequence
Examples: It was raining, so we stayed home.
Time: when, while, as, before, after, since, until
Examples: I'll call you when I arrive.
Cause/Reason: because, since, as
Examples: She stayed home because she was sick.
Condition: if, unless, provided that
Examples: If it rains, we'll cancel the trip.
Contrast: although, though, even though, while
Examples: Although it was cold, we went swimming.
Purpose: so that, in order that
Examples: I study hard so that I can get good grades.
Place: where, wherever
Examples: I'll go wherever you go.
Either...or - presents two alternatives
Examples: You can either come with us or stay here.
Neither...nor - excludes both alternatives
Examples: Neither John nor Mary came to the party.
Both...and - includes both elements
Examples: She is both intelligent and hardworking.
Not only...but also - emphasizes addition
Examples: He not only sings but also dances.
Whether...or - presents alternatives
Examples: I don't know whether to laugh or cry.
Comma with coordinating conjunctions
Rule: Use a comma before coordinating conjunctions when joining two independent clauses.
Examples: I wanted to go, but I was too tired. (two independent clauses)
Examples: I like apples and oranges. (no comma - not two independent clauses)
Word order with subordinating conjunctions
Rule: When a sentence starts with a subordinating conjunction, use a comma after the dependent clause.
Examples: Because it was raining, we stayed home.
Examples: We stayed home because it was raining. (no comma)
Parallel structure with correlative conjunctions
Rule: The grammatical structure after each part of the pair should be the same.
Correct: She not only speaks French but also writes it well.
Incorrect: She not only speaks French but also is good at writing.